Blitzkrieg in the West (April 1940 - June 1940)
Blitzkrieg in the West (April 1940 - June 1940)
In World War II, the Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries, executed from May 10th, 1940, which ended the Phoney War. The battle consisted of two main operations. In the first, Fall Gelb (Case Yellow), German armored units pushed through the Ardennes, to cut off and surround the Allied units that had advanced into Belgium. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and many French soldiers were evacuated from Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo. In the second operation, Fall Rot (Case Red), executed from June 5th, German forces outflanked the Maginot Line to attack the greater French territory. Italy declared war on France on June 10th. The French government fled to the city of Bordeaux, and France's main city of Paris was occupied by the German Wehrmacht on June 14th. On June 17th, Petain publicly announced France would ask for an armistice. On June 22nd, an armistice was signed between France and Germany, going into effect on June 25th. For the Axis Powers, the campaign was a spectacular victory.
France was divided into a German occupation zone in the north and west, a small Italian occupation zone in the southeast, and an unoccupied zone, the zone libre, in the south. A rump state, Vichy France, administered all three zones according to the terms laid out in the armistice. In November 1942, the Axis forces also occupied the zone libre, and metropolitan France remained under Axis occupation until after the Allied landings in 1944; while the Low Countries remained under German occupation until 1944 and 1945.
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